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Solar Water Heating System

Solar water heating system manufacturers:

It is often said that there is magic in water to the extent of life saving potential. This magical transporter has revolutionized the way we can generate power and make use of hot water supply.

A solar water heating uses the sun’s rays to convert into heat for water heating using a solar thermal connector. They are designed to heat water even in colder climates. Very simplistic in design and a self-controlling capability enables the ease of usage.

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What are the parts of a Solar Water Heating System

It comprises of the following 6 major components:

  • Solar Collector - Flat-plate collector (FPC), evacuated tube, parabolic dish/concentrating collectors
  • Storage tank - One-tank system with back-up heating element, two-tank system (in which solar hot water storage is connected to a conventional gas or electric water heater)
  • Auxiliary heaters - like gas electric
  • Pumps or fans - An electric pump (powered by your ordinary electricity supply or by a solar-electric (photovoltaic) cell on the roof keeps the water moving through the circuit between the collector and the water tank.
  • Internal distribution system.
  • Controls - Differential controller, photovoltaic (PV) powered controller


What are the options available?

There are two types of solar water heaters:

  • Flat plate collector system
  • Evacuated tube collector system
Flat plate collector systemEvacuated tube collector system
Long lasting & expensiveFragile and cheap
Can work in colder regions with sub-zero temperature but with anti-freeze solutionGood in colder regions with sub-zero temperature
In places with salty water a heat exchanger is required with FPCRegular cleaning is required where water is salty


How does a solar heater work?

The entire system is mounted on a roof or ground with the collector facing the sun and connected to a water supply. Water flows through the tubes, absorbs the heat and the hot water then subsequently gets stored in a tank. This stored water then remains hot overnight owing to the insulation.



Do Indians install it?

In India we can see an ever rising trend for the use of solar water heaters since 2012. The primary consumers being from the residential sector where it penetrates 80%. The Indian government also provides for subsidy to enhance the penetration. Some soft loans are provided by national banks at minimal interest rates. The market is beginning to fall in the organized sector and started to fall in the purview of environment friendly options.

Important points to consider before you install a solar heater

  1. Ensure to have a sunny place to put a solar panel
  2. Have a boiler compatible with solar water heating
  3. A regular water supply is needed installed at a height of 2.5 m for effective functioning of the setup.
  4. On cloudy days, in the absence of solar energy the output of the solar connectors will be nil. However, we can design a backup system which can work on such days.

How to select a good solar heater?

  1. The hot water storage tank should ideally be double layered with an insulation fitting inserted between the walls.
  2. The collector wall should have enough area to meet the due specifications. The arrangement should be mounted in adherence to the direction of the sun. To give an ideal scenario, an area of 1 sq.km heats up 50 lt of water at a temperature of 35-40-degree Celsius sloping towards the sun.

For how long can a solar water heater be used?

As per the industry standards, the shelf life of a solar water heater is of 15-20 years basis the level of maintenance.

Some interesting facts not known by many

  1. The generated hot water by the solar heating setup is contained in a tank which needs to be insulated in such a manner that the water remains hot without a significant drop in temperature up to 24 hrs. Thereafter, water heated during the previous day is available for use in the next morning.
  2. It is advisable to consume the heated water in one go instead of frequent on and off as this will fail the purpose of saving electricity.
  3. The climate in the northern part of India is such that we ideally do not need hot water during summers. If you wish to switch off the system during that part of the season, then make sure to drain out the water completely and cover it well. However, if you would like to continue using it then keep the collector covered partially.
  4. The dust accumulated on the collector needs to be cleaned frequently (Once in week) to maintain the expected level of efficiency.

Common misconceptions regarding the usage of a solar water heater

  1. No electricity is required for operating a solar water heater, except the cases of cloudy days where electricity would be needed to power the backup.
  2. Areas that have hard water, in order to avoid scale deposition, apply acids to help descale it.
  3. If the exposed areas are painted, then redo the paint after 2-3 years to prevent corrosion on the surfaces.

Does water supply matter for the effective working of a solar heater?

On an average almost 17% of household chores involve water heating.

Benefits of using 100 lt of solar water heater in India:

Northern RegionEastern RegionSouthern Region*Western Region*
Expected no. of days of use per year200 days200 days250 days250 days
Expected yearly electricity saving with use of full capacity, kwh95085012001300
Monetary savings at different prices of electricity, Rs/year
Rs. 4/kwh3800340048005200
Rs. 5/kwh4750425060006500
Rs. 6/kwh5700510072007800

Estimates of requirements of hot water – Some useful thumb rule

ApplicationTypical Requirement of Hot Water at 60OC.
Household bathing using buckets10-20 litres per person per bath.
Household bathing using shower with a mixing tap20-30 litres for 10-15 minute bath
Shaving, while a tap runs7-10 litres
Household bathing in bathtub (one filling)50-75 litres
Wash basin with a mixing tap (hand wash, brushing of teeth, etc.)3-5 litres per person per day.
Kitchen washing2-3 litres per person per day.
Dishwasher40-50 litres per wash cycle
Clothes washing machine40-50 litres per cycle

Note:

All the estimates are given for hot water at 600C. This hot water has to be mixed with cold water to bring down its temperature to endurance limits. Mixing will also increase quantity to actually required values